LL-37 (CAP 18) (10 Vial Box)

Compliance & Disclaimer

• For Research Use Only
• Not FDA or EMA approved for clinical application
• Evidence is limited to preclinical studies; safety and efficacy in humans remain unestablished.

LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide, generated by proteolytic cleavage of the precursor hCAP18. This 37-amino-acid peptide plays a dual role in innate immunity, functioning as both a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent and an immunomodulatory molecule. [ijirt.org], [mdpi.com]

Mechanistic Insights

• Direct Antimicrobial Activity: LL-37 exhibits bactericidal, antiviral, and antifungal properties by disrupting microbial membranes through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Its amphipathic α-helical structure enables insertion into lipid bilayers, leading to membrane destabilization and cell lysis. [biotechpeptides.com], [mdpi.com]
• Receptor-Mediated Immune Modulation: LL-37 interacts with receptors such as FPR2 (formyl peptide receptor 2), TLR2, TLR4, and P2X7, activating signaling cascades that regulate chemotaxis, cytokine production, and inflammatory balance. [academic.oup.com], [thepeptidecompany.co]
• Anti- and Pro-Inflammatory Effects: Depending on the microenvironment, LL-37 can suppress excessive cytokine release or enhance acute inflammatory responses, contributing to immune homeostasis. [onlinelibr....wiley.com]
• Wound Healing and Angiogenesis: LL-37 promotes keratinocyte migration, fibroblast activation, collagen deposition, and VEGF-mediated angiogenesis, positioning it as a key molecule in tissue repair research. [open.library.ubc.ca], [thepeptidecompany.co]

Research Applications

• Infection Control: LL-37 is studied for its ability to neutralize pathogens and endotoxins, making it relevant in antimicrobial resistance research. [link.springer.com]
• Immunomodulation: Investigations explore LL-37’s role in balancing immune responses in conditions such as sepsis, psoriasis, and chronic inflammation. [reference-global.com]
• Regenerative Medicine: LL-37’s capacity to stimulate angiogenesis and tissue regeneration has led to research in wound healing and biomaterial integration. [open.library.ubc.ca]
• Cancer and Autoimmunity: LL-37 exhibits context-dependent effects, including anti-tumor activity and modulation of autoimmune pathways, making it a candidate for oncology and immunology studies. [onlinelibr....wiley.com]

Key Peer-Reviewed References

1. Nagaoka I. et al. Antimicrobial Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37 Suppresses Neutrophil Apoptosis via FPRL1 and P2X7 Activation. J Immunol. 2006;176(5):3044–3052. DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.176.5.3044 [academic.oup.com]
2. Voronko O.E. et al. Antimicrobial Peptides of the Cathelicidin Family: Focus on LL-37 and Its Modifications. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(16):8103. DOI:10.3390/ijms26168103 [mdpi.com]
3. Svensson D., Nilsson B.O. Human Antimicrobial/Host Defense Peptide LL-37 May Prevent Spread of Local Infection. Inflamm Res. 2025;74:36. DOI:10.1007/s00011-025-02005-8 [link.springer.com]
4. Bhattacharjya S. et al. LL-37: Structures, Antimicrobial Activity, and Influence on Amyloid-Related Diseases. Biomolecules. 2024;14(3):320. DOI:10.3390/biom14030320 [mdpi.com]
5. Yang B. et al. Significance of LL-37 on Immunomodulation and Disease Outcome. Biomed Res Int. 2020; Article ID 8349712. DOI:10.1155/2020/8349712 [onlinelibr....wiley.com]