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DSIP is a naturally occurring nonapeptide (sequence: Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu) first isolated in the 1970s from cerebral venous blood during studies on sleep regulation. It is classified as a neuromodulatory peptide with diverse physiological roles, including sleep architecture modulation, neuroendocrine regulation, stress adaptation, and pain modulation. [polarispeptides.com], [pharmanow.live]
Sleep Architecture & CNS Activity:
DSIP enhances slow-wave sleep (SWS) by promoting delta EEG rhythms and spindle activity in experimental models. It interacts with GABAergic and NMDA receptor systems, reducing excitatory neurotransmission and supporting inhibitory signaling, which may contribute to its sleep-inducing properties. [corepeptides.com], [polarispeptides.com]
Neuroendocrine Modulation:
DSIP influences the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, reducing ACTH and cortisol levels while potentially stimulating growth hormone (GH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. These effects suggest a role in stress resilience and hormonal balance. [tydes.is], [nbinno.com]
Stress & Adaptogenic Properties:
Research indicates DSIP acts as an adaptogen, mitigating physiological stress responses and supporting homeostasis under challenging conditions. It may also enhance antioxidant enzyme activity (e.g., superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and improve mitochondrial efficiency, offering neuroprotective benefits in ischemic and oxidative stress models. [pharmanow.live]
Pain Modulation & Opioid System Interaction:
DSIP has been shown to modulate pain perception, possibly through interactions with endogenous opioid pathways, making it relevant for studies on analgesia and withdrawal support. [pep-pedia.org]
Sleep & Circadian Rhythm Studies:
DSIP is widely used to investigate non-REM sleep regulation, delta-wave activity, and circadian rhythm synchronization in both animal and human models. [cambridge.org]
Stress & Recovery Research:
Its ability to modulate cortisol and support neuroendocrine balance positions DSIP as a candidate for research on stress adaptation, burnout, and athletic recovery. [tydes.is]
Neuroprotection & Ischemic Models:
Preclinical studies suggest DSIP accelerates motor recovery post-stroke and mitigates oxidative damage, highlighting its potential in neurorehabilitation research. [pharmanow.live]
DSIP exhibits a short plasma half-life (~7–15 minutes) and is rapidly degraded by aminopeptidases. Despite this, it can cross the blood-brain barrier and is absorbed from the gut without enzymatic denaturation, an unusual property among peptides. [cambridge.org]